专八翻译技巧之分译法

  专八翻译技巧之分译法.分译法是指将主句和从句分开翻译的一种方法，主要用于较长的非限制性定语从句里。采用这种方法可避免句子的冗长和累赘。这种方法一般采用主句在前，从句在后的翻译形式，将句子翻译成两个相对独立的小分句。严格地说，上期介绍的合译法中的第5点(译成“这”字句)也属于这种翻译方法。

1.译出关系代词或关系副词

  根据逻辑的需要，在翻译前，我们首先应该弄清关系词所指代的内容，进而按照先行词的词义来进行翻译。
  例1: He has learned French, which he thinks is the most beautiful language in the world.
  译文：他学过法语，他认为法语是世界上*美的语言。
  例2: This is a college of science and technology, the students of which are trained to be engineers or scientists.
  译文：这是一所科技大学，该校学生将被培养成工程师或科学工作者。 另外，在英语中常常会把需要强调的内容放于句首，而汉语中却习惯把附加性说明的定语部分翻译成后置型的并列分句，以求在形式上突出主句的内容。
  例1: She suddenly thought of her huand, who had left her and their children behind and had never been heard of.
  译文：他丈夫早就抛弃了妻儿一直杳无音信，现在她突然想起了他。
  例2: The men suddenly awakened to the fact that there were beauty and significance in these trifles, which they had so long trodden carelessly beneath their feet. 译文：以前，它们一直被这些人漫不经心地踩在脚下，现在这些人突然意识到这些小玩意儿的美丽和意义了。
  2.不翻译关系代词或关系副词
  有些定语从句表面上是非限制性定语从句，但在意义上却已经和主句融为了一体。在翻译时，应该将引导定语从句的关系词省略，从而使句子的意思显得更为连贯。
  例1: After dinner, the four key negotiators resumed their talks, which continued well into the night.
  译文：晚饭后，四个主要谈判人物继续进行会谈，一直谈到深夜。
  例2: His wife, Betty, is Shanghai-born Chinese who left China at the age of eight, and whose book “Moon”, tells of her sister’s life in China.
  译文：他妻子贝蒂是一位出生在上海的华人，八岁离开中国，写过一本名叫《月》的书，记叙了她妹妹在中国的生活。 3.译成相对独立的小分句
  有些定语从句在修饰关系上与先行词之间关系显得较为疏远，这时，我们通常会将定语从句译成独立的句子。
  例1: One was a violent thunderstorm, the worst I had ever seen, which obscured my objective.
  译文：有一次暴风骤雨，猛烈的程度实在是我平生所鲜见的。这场暴风雨遮住了我的目标。 例2: Nevertheless the problem was solved successfully, which showed that the computations were accurate.
  译文：不过问题还是圆满地解决了，这说明计算是很精确的