职称英语考试阅读辅导资料十一

What does a scientist do when he or she "explains" something? Scientific explanation comes in two forms: generalization and deduction. Most psychologists deal with generalization. They explain particular instances of behavior as examples of general laws. For instance most psychologists would explain a pathologically strong fear of dogs as an example of classical conditioning．Presumably, the person，frightened earlier in life by a dog．An unpleasant stimulus was paired with the sight of the animal (perhaps the person was knocked down by an exuberant dog) and the subsequent sight of dogs evokes the earlier response-fear.

Which of the following is most clearly analogous to the example in the passage of the person who fears dogs?

A A child chokes on a fish bone and as an adolescent is reluctant to eat fish.

B A person feels lonely and after a while buys a dog for companionship.

C A child studies science in school and later grows up to become a teacher.

D．A person hears a snowstorm is predicted and that evening is afraid to drive home.

本题要求应试者在准确理解文章的基础上，从四个选项中找出一个适当的例子，补充说明心理学家是如何解释某种行为或心理现象的。本题的正确答案是A项。